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The Thirty-Nine Articles of Religion are the historically defining statements of doctrines of the Church of England with respect to the controversies of the English Reformation. First established in 1563, the articles served to define the doctrine of the Church of England as it related to Calvinist doctrine and Catholic practice.〔The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, p.1611〕 The full name for the articles is commonly abbreviated as the Thirty-Nine Articles or the XXXIX Articles. At the time, the Church of England was searching its doctrinal position in relation to the Catholic Church and the continental Protestant movements. A series of defining documents were written and replaced over a period of 30 years as the doctrinal and political situation changed from the excommunication of Henry VIII in 1533, to the excommunication of Elizabeth I in 1570. Prior to King Henry's death in 1547, several statements of position were issued. The first attempt was the Ten Articles in 1536, which showed some slightly Protestant leanings—the result of an English desire for a political alliance with the German Lutheran princes. The next revision was the Six Articles in 1539 which swung away from all reformed positions,〔 and the ''King's Book'' in 1543 which re-established almost in full the earlier Catholic doctrines. Then, during the reign of Edward VI in 1552, the Forty-Two Articles were written under the direction of Archbishop Thomas Cranmer. It was in this document that Calvinist thought reached the zenith of its influence in the English Church. These articles were never put into action, due to the king's death and the reunion of the English Church with Rome under Queen Mary I. Finally, upon the coronation of Elizabeth and the re-establishment of the separate Church of England the Thirty-Nine Articles of Religion were established by a Convocation of the Church in 1563, under the direction of Matthew Parker, the then Archbishop of Canterbury, which pulled back from some of the more extreme Calvinist thinking and created the peculiar English reformed doctrine.〔 The articles, finalised in 1571, were to have a lasting effect on religion in the United Kingdom and elsewhere through their incorporation into and propagation through the Book of Common Prayer. ==Ten Articles (1536)== The Ten Articles were first published in 1536 by Thomas Cranmer. They were the first guidelines of the Church of England as it became independent of Rome. In summary, the Ten Articles asserted: # The binding authority of the Bible, the three ecumenical creeds and the first four ecumenical councils # The necessity of baptism for salvation, even in the case of infants (Art. II. says that "infants ought to be baptised" and that, dying in infancy, they "shall undoubtedly be saved thereby, and else not";' that the opinions of Anabaptists and Pelagians are "detestable heresies, and utterly to be condemned".) # The sacrament of penance, with confession and absolution, which are declared "expedient and necessary" # The substantial, real, corporal presence of Christ's body and blood under the form of bread and wine in the Eucharist # Justification by faith, joined with charity and obedience # The use of images in churches # The honouring of saints and the Virgin Mary # The invocation of saints # The observance of various rites and ceremonies as good and laudable, such as clerical vestments, sprinkling of holy water, bearing of candles on Candlemas-day, giving of ashes on Ash Wednesday # The doctrine of purgatory, and prayers for the dead in purgatory (made purgatory a non-essential doctrine) The emerging doctrines of the autonomous Church of England were followed by further explication in ''The Institution of the Christian Man''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Thirty-Nine Articles」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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